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I am looking for a formula that will take a 3 letter abbreviation in ex: the row C and from a table spreadsheet in the workbook auto fill row B with the manufacturers name?

I need help with linking a description (from another sheet) to an abbreviation which will give me the value of the amount linked to that description

I am dealing with some sales tax reports in which I base my calculations off the two letter state abbreviation. However, sometimes my report will spit out the full state name. Currently my column B is where my two letter state abbreviations and full state names appear. How do I tell Excel to convert the full state name into a two letter abbreviation? Do I need a new column? If so, can I make the state abbreviation copy over if it is correct? Would I need a reference table of all state names and abbreviations? I'm not sure if this is just formulas or a combo between formulas and vlookup. I'll upload an example file.

I am trying to calculate an unknown variable using the equation S1 – F2 sin 60º = 0, where I have the value of S1. I am trying to calculate the value of F2 (these are not referencing cells, this is just the abbreviation for force). How can I solve an equation like this?

How do you combine data that has a common row name? For example, I have a data table with rows containing data on different counties within each state, and I want to combine those values for each county into one row for each state showing the data for the corresponding columns. there is already a column named "state" and each state has about 10-30 rows or more labeled with the state abbreviation